1.1. Kultúra a prostredie v škole

To improve the school climate, a group of schools from the Learning Communities project decided to create the Brave’s Club. It is based on a “dialogical model of conflict prevention”. Since the Club started in 2014, it has made progress in eradicating school violence in both primary and secondary schools. This strategy is making it easier to bring together effective evidence-informed practices on preventing violence in classrooms in general, and more specifically, gender violence.

UNICEF Serbia and the civil society organisation Centre for Education Policy with the support of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development Republic of Serbia  implemented the project “Combating Early School Leaving in Serbia”.

This project aimed to contribute to decreasing drop-out and early school leaving of children and adolescents through development, establishment, and implementation of the school-based model for early identification of children at risk of dropping out and intervention in situations where dropping-out is taking place.

Combating drop-out and ESL in Serbia has been recognised as a policy priority area.  The Strategy for Education Development in Serbia 2020 (SEDS 2020) calls for the provision of high-quality education for all, an increase of students’ coverage and attainment at all levels of education by maintaining the relevance of education and increasing efficiency. The Strategy implementation is primarily focused on the development of human capital in Serbia, thus underlines importance of the inclusion of pupils from vulnerable and marginalised groups (Roma and children from poor families, children with disabilities and from rural areas etc.).

The Danish Production schools were created in the 1980s with the aim of combating youth unemployment. Production Schools offer alternative education opportunities to improve labour market integration. The fundamental aim of this type of school is to create a practical learning environment to support young people to complete and earn qualifications in general and vocational upper secondary education and/or maintain a job. The students are offered the opportunity to develop professional, social and personal skills through counselling, participation in practical work experience and production in different workshops ranging from areas such as metalwork, carpentry and textile work in theatre, media and music-based workshops. The focus is on social, personal and physical skills which are complemented by more formal knowledge and skills. Learning processes are organised through workshops and classroom teaching, but every young person is free to organise an individual course where they may challenge themselves and build their confidence.
The most significant challenge for production schools is to prepare and motivate “non-academic” students for the ordinary school system. The last legislative change in 2006focused the aims of Production Schools so that its most important task has been to build a bridge to vocational education and training through relevant practical and academic qualifications. In 2009, there were over 6,000 students in production schools. The student capacity at each school can vary from 20-25 to over 200. Generally speaking the schools are small, with half of the schools accepting fewer than 50 students. Today there are 78 Production Schools in Denmark.

Švédsky vzdelávací systém je založený na dodržiavaní ľudských práv a základných demokratických hodnôt, ako sú nedotknuteľnosť ľudského života, rovnaká hodnota všetkých ľudí, zachovanie osobnej integrity človeka a rodová rovnosť. V súlade s týmito hodnotami sa veľký dôraz kladie na to, aby bolo každé vzdelávanie inkluzívne a aktívne sa pri ňom predchádzalo diskriminácii a obťažovaniu vo všetkých podobách, čo zahŕňa aj šikanovanie.

The project goal is to provide a comprehensive analysis of best practices for preventing ESL in partner countries in the areas: of ESL monitoring systems; and, methods of counteracting ESL and reintegrating students.

Project partners were from Poland, the UK and Italy. Outputs include a report on ESL monitoring systems, a report on prevention and reintegration methods, and a training pack.

Essunga, a Swedish municipality, transformed the ranking of its schools from the bottom to the top of the national school league tables between 2007 to the top in 2010. Essunga has three elementary schools and one lower secondary school (grades 6-9). With 5,500 citizens, it is one of the smallest municipalities in the country. The increase in levels of achievement is attributed to a research-based approach of inclusive education. For years, the three elementary schools in Essunga had consistently experienced low educational levels. An increasing number of students were refugees or in “family placements”. In 2007, only 76% of students were eligible for upper secondary school and 20% of these were placed in special education classes. These results compelled political and school leaders and school staff to identify targeted measures to address these challenges. The municipality focused on interventions at school and in the local community to prevent school absence and increase attendance.

Tento projekt bol navrhnutý pre deti vo veku 11 až 14 rokov na podporu rozvoja ich sociálno-emocionálnych schopností pri vzdelávaní (SEL) a partnerskej podpory pri riešení problému šikanovania a jeho odstraňovaní. V rámci programov SEL sa zlepšujú sociálne, emocionálne a akademické schopnosti študentov. Zahŕňa to napríklad aj otvorenejšie sociálne správanie a pozitívny prístup k samým sebe a k ostatným a nižšiu úroveň emocionálnych ťažkostí. Systémy partnerskej podpory zmierňujú negatívny vplyv šikanovania na obete a zabezpečujú, aby bolo pre obete prípustnejšie nahlasovať prípady šikanovania. Vychádza sa z celoškolského prístupu s účasťou mladých ľudí, zamestnancov, rodičov a širšej komunity. Program sa teda odkláňa od dvojrozmerného pohľadu na šikanovanie, kde sa vníma len obeť a agresor, a namiesto toho sa zameriava na dynamiku spoločenstva a skupiny v prostredí školy a voľného času. Vďaka tomu je možné zaoberať sa celou škálou faktorov, ktoré prispievajú k šikanovaniu. V rámci projektu ENABLE bol vyškolený tím veľvyslancov v každej zúčastnenej krajine, ktorí každej škole alebo organizácii so záujmom o vykonávanie tohto programu poskytnú informácie a usmernenia.

In the school year 2015/16 the Schulzentrum Ybbs (a school center consisting of three vocational upper secondary schools) introduced a concept called IndY, which involves that 20% of the teaching time is intended for individualized learning. IndY aims at improving students’ expertise, motivation, self-responsibility, self-management, collaborative skills, emotional intelligence and learning methods.

InnoOmnia, in the city of Espoo, Finland, was founded in 2011. It is the first multi-sector vocational education centre in Finland where entrepreneurs may run their businesses jointly with students and teachers. Work and vocational education are part of a blended learning approach. One of the key aims of the programme is to improve the appeal of vocational education, and to offer “21st century learning” opportunities.
Services include:
1. Entrepreneurship support for current and aspiring entrepreneurs, primarily in arts and crafts or the service sectors.
2. Work-based/on-the-job learning programmes
3. Innovation and piloting of new teaching methods in the context of vocational education, g, e.g. gamification, mobile learning, entrepreneurial teaching methods
4. Teacher and school leader professional development for K-12 and vocational sectors