3.4. Učebné plány a vzdelávacie dráhy

The project partners designed and implemented a new anti-bullying programme in schools in five EU countries. It drew on the experiences of existing programmes and practices originated by the project partners working in different cultural contexts.  It provided further evidence of effective approaches to the reduction of bullying in schools that will inform the development of improved child centred, whole school strategies for adoption at European level.

Tento nový prístup, ktorý vznikol vo Francúzsku, umožňuje žiakom lepšie pochopiť ekonomický a profesijný svet, aby si uvedomovali rozmanitosť povolaní a odbornej prípravy, cibrili si svoj zmysel pre zapájanie sa do činností a preberanie iniciatívy a formovali smer, ktorým sa chcú vo svojom vzdelávaní a profesijnej kariére uberať.

UNICEF Serbia and the civil society organisation Centre for Education Policy with the support of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development Republic of Serbia  implemented the project “Combating Early School Leaving in Serbia”.

This project aimed to contribute to decreasing drop-out and early school leaving of children and adolescents through development, establishment, and implementation of the school-based model for early identification of children at risk of dropping out and intervention in situations where dropping-out is taking place.

Combating drop-out and ESL in Serbia has been recognised as a policy priority area.  The Strategy for Education Development in Serbia 2020 (SEDS 2020) calls for the provision of high-quality education for all, an increase of students’ coverage and attainment at all levels of education by maintaining the relevance of education and increasing efficiency. The Strategy implementation is primarily focused on the development of human capital in Serbia, thus underlines importance of the inclusion of pupils from vulnerable and marginalised groups (Roma and children from poor families, children with disabilities and from rural areas etc.).

The Danish Production schools were created in the 1980s with the aim of combating youth unemployment. Production Schools offer alternative education opportunities to improve labour market integration. The fundamental aim of this type of school is to create a practical learning environment to support young people to complete and earn qualifications in general and vocational upper secondary education and/or maintain a job. The students are offered the opportunity to develop professional, social and personal skills through counselling, participation in practical work experience and production in different workshops ranging from areas such as metalwork, carpentry and textile work in theatre, media and music-based workshops. The focus is on social, personal and physical skills which are complemented by more formal knowledge and skills. Learning processes are organised through workshops and classroom teaching, but every young person is free to organise an individual course where they may challenge themselves and build their confidence.
The most significant challenge for production schools is to prepare and motivate “non-academic” students for the ordinary school system. The last legislative change in 2006focused the aims of Production Schools so that its most important task has been to build a bridge to vocational education and training through relevant practical and academic qualifications. In 2009, there were over 6,000 students in production schools. The student capacity at each school can vary from 20-25 to over 200. Generally speaking the schools are small, with half of the schools accepting fewer than 50 students. Today there are 78 Production Schools in Denmark.

In the school year 2015/16 the Schulzentrum Ybbs (a school center consisting of three vocational upper secondary schools) introduced a concept called IndY, which involves that 20% of the teaching time is intended for individualized learning. IndY aims at improving students’ expertise, motivation, self-responsibility, self-management, collaborative skills, emotional intelligence and learning methods.

InnoOmnia, in the city of Espoo, Finland, was founded in 2011. It is the first multi-sector vocational education centre in Finland where entrepreneurs may run their businesses jointly with students and teachers. Work and vocational education are part of a blended learning approach. One of the key aims of the programme is to improve the appeal of vocational education, and to offer “21st century learning” opportunities.
Services include:
1. Entrepreneurship support for current and aspiring entrepreneurs, primarily in arts and crafts or the service sectors.
2. Work-based/on-the-job learning programmes
3. Innovation and piloting of new teaching methods in the context of vocational education, g, e.g. gamification, mobile learning, entrepreneurial teaching methods
4. Teacher and school leader professional development for K-12 and vocational sectors

Prístup školy k vzdelávaniu a učeniu sa je založený na dosahovaní excelentnosti v oblasti vzdelávania a dobrých študijných výsledkov všetkých študentov. Škola vypracovala podnetné učebné plány, ktorých cieľom je dosiahnuť, aby študenti chápali vzdelávací proces, na ktorom sa zúčastňujú (metapoznanie) – a budovali vieru v samých seba. Kľúčovým prvkom tohto procesu je špeciálne vyučovanie v niektorých predmetoch (prírodné vedy, hudobná výchova, výtvarná výchova, telesná výchova), ako aj rozvoj vyučovania matematiky na celej škole (pre šiestakov). Významným prvkom pri rozvoji myslenia, pružnosti a sebavedomia študentov je aj výučba filozofie. Inovácia učebných plánov sa uskutočňuje z iniciatívy školy, ktorá spolupracuje so svojimi zväzovými partnermi zo základnej školy Whitmore Park Primary School. Pravidelne sa uskutočňujú konzultácie so všetkými zamestnancami, s riadiacim orgánom, so študentmi a s rodičmi, ktorí sa podieľajú na procese prípravy učebných plánov, pričom škola do veľkej miery spolupracuje aj s komunitnými partnermi na príprave širších vzdelávacích činností.

Filozofia školy v oblasti vzdelávania a učenia sa je zameraná nato, aby študenti aktívne chápali vzdelávací proces a podieľali sa na ňom. Učebné plány školy vychádzajú zo zásad postupného rastu a súdržnosti.
Medzi kľúčové inovačné postupy, ktoré sa v škole zavádzajú, patrí iniciatíva Most. Pozostáva z inovácií učebných plánov, ktorých cieľom je zabezpečovať inšpirujúce a podporné vzdelávacie prostredie pre študentov začínajúcich vo veku 11 rokov sekundárne vzdelávanie. Učenie sa je založené na projektoch a uskutočňujú ho skupiny učiteľov z rôznych oblastí učebných plánov, čo študentom umožňuje zapojiť sa do práce s malým počtom učiteľov a pracovať na jasne definovaných a súdržných vzdelávacích cieľoch. Iniciatíva Most vychádza z piatich zásad: výsledky, spolupatričnosť, oslava, disciplína, obohatenie. Podporuje sa nezávislé štúdium študentov – a to počas vyučovania aj mimo školy. Systém odmeňovania umožňuje študentom získavať body, ktoré sú na konci školského roka ocenené.

The Joaquim Ruyra Elementary School is located in a disadvantaged suburban district of Barcelona. In the 2016-2017 school year, 92% students were immigrants representing 28 different nationalities (including Pakistan, Morocco, Georgia, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Peru, the Philippines, China, Bangladesh, Senegal, and the USA) or from minority background (Romani). The school has a 40% mobility rate.  

National and international press have referred to the school as the miracle school as it had achieved academic outcomes above the average in the Catalan standardised tests, outperforming elite schools in the Catalonia region.

All classes in the school feature group work 40% to 60% of the time. The groups mix students of different abilities, genders and nationalities.  The small groups are designed to ensure that no one is left out, and students are encouraged to participate actively.  Each group is facilitated by an adult (e.g. a classroom assistants, a parent).  Psychologists and special education teachers may also work in the classrooms, and they support volunteer parents, teachers and the students.  The extra support and student interaction are considered as essential for supporting and reinforcing children’s learning.