3.4. Mokymo programos ir mokymosi trajektorijos

The project partners designed and implemented a new anti-bullying programme in schools in five EU countries. It drew on the experiences of existing programmes and practices originated by the project partners working in different cultural contexts.  It provided further evidence of effective approaches to the reduction of bullying in schools that will inform the development of improved child centred, whole school strategies for adoption at European level.

Šiame pavyzdyje aprašomi novatoriški metodai, taikomi Švedijoje esančioje Bedos Hallberg vidurinėje mokykloje. Mokykloje vykdomos įvairios programos, kuriomis formuojami asmens raidos ir aktyvaus dalyvavimo visuomenės veikloje pagrindai. Mokykla taip pat siekia teikti nuolatinę pagalbą besimokantiems asmenims ir mažinti riziką, kad mokinys nebaigs mokyklos, visomis išgalėmis stengdamasi pailginti mokyklos darbo laiką, kad mokykla dirbtų net ir per kai kurias ilgesnes atostogas. Mokykloje taip pat suburta puiki sveikatos priežiūros specialistų komanda, joje dirba konsultantai socialiniais ir psichologiniais klausimais, kad būtų atsižvelgiama į jaunimo poreikius.
Bedos Hallberg gimnazija yra Kungsbakos mieste (Švedija) esanti vidurinė mokykla. 2013 m. ji buvo įkurta kaip nedidelė įstaiga, kurioje kiekvienam paskiram mokiniui skiriama daug dėmesio. Kai kuriems 16–20 metų jaunuoliams daugelio mokyklų fizinė ir socialinė aplinka gali kelti sunkumų ir trukdyti nuosekliai mokytis. Bedos mokykla atvira norintiems mokytis mažoje mokykloje, kurioje jie jaustųsi saugiai ir patogiai.

UNICEF Serbia and the civil society organisation Centre for Education Policy with the support of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development Republic of Serbia  implemented the project “Combating Early School Leaving in Serbia”.

This project aimed to contribute to decreasing drop-out and early school leaving of children and adolescents through development, establishment, and implementation of the school-based model for early identification of children at risk of dropping out and intervention in situations where dropping-out is taking place.

Combating drop-out and ESL in Serbia has been recognised as a policy priority area.  The Strategy for Education Development in Serbia 2020 (SEDS 2020) calls for the provision of high-quality education for all, an increase of students’ coverage and attainment at all levels of education by maintaining the relevance of education and increasing efficiency. The Strategy implementation is primarily focused on the development of human capital in Serbia, thus underlines importance of the inclusion of pupils from vulnerable and marginalised groups (Roma and children from poor families, children with disabilities and from rural areas etc.).

The Danish Production schools were created in the 1980s with the aim of combating youth unemployment. Production Schools offer alternative education opportunities to improve labour market integration. The fundamental aim of this type of school is to create a practical learning environment to support young people to complete and earn qualifications in general and vocational upper secondary education and/or maintain a job. The students are offered the opportunity to develop professional, social and personal skills through counselling, participation in practical work experience and production in different workshops ranging from areas such as metalwork, carpentry and textile work in theatre, media and music-based workshops. The focus is on social, personal and physical skills which are complemented by more formal knowledge and skills. Learning processes are organised through workshops and classroom teaching, but every young person is free to organise an individual course where they may challenge themselves and build their confidence.
The most significant challenge for production schools is to prepare and motivate “non-academic” students for the ordinary school system. The last legislative change in 2006focused the aims of Production Schools so that its most important task has been to build a bridge to vocational education and training through relevant practical and academic qualifications. In 2009, there were over 6,000 students in production schools. The student capacity at each school can vary from 20-25 to over 200. Generally speaking the schools are small, with half of the schools accepting fewer than 50 students. Today there are 78 Production Schools in Denmark.

In the school year 2015/16 the Schulzentrum Ybbs (a school center consisting of three vocational upper secondary schools) introduced a concept called IndY, which involves that 20% of the teaching time is intended for individualized learning. IndY aims at improving students’ expertise, motivation, self-responsibility, self-management, collaborative skills, emotional intelligence and learning methods.

InnoOmnia, in the city of Espoo, Finland, was founded in 2011. It is the first multi-sector vocational education centre in Finland where entrepreneurs may run their businesses jointly with students and teachers. Work and vocational education are part of a blended learning approach. One of the key aims of the programme is to improve the appeal of vocational education, and to offer “21st century learning” opportunities.
Services include:
1. Entrepreneurship support for current and aspiring entrepreneurs, primarily in arts and crafts or the service sectors.
2. Work-based/on-the-job learning programmes
3. Innovation and piloting of new teaching methods in the context of vocational education, g, e.g. gamification, mobile learning, entrepreneurial teaching methods
4. Teacher and school leader professional development for K-12 and vocational sectors

The Joaquim Ruyra Elementary School is located in a disadvantaged suburban district of Barcelona. In the 2016-2017 school year, 92% students were immigrants representing 28 different nationalities (including Pakistan, Morocco, Georgia, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Peru, the Philippines, China, Bangladesh, Senegal, and the USA) or from minority background (Romani). The school has a 40% mobility rate.  

National and international press have referred to the school as the miracle school as it had achieved academic outcomes above the average in the Catalan standardised tests, outperforming elite schools in the Catalonia region.

All classes in the school feature group work 40% to 60% of the time. The groups mix students of different abilities, genders and nationalities.  The small groups are designed to ensure that no one is left out, and students are encouraged to participate actively.  Each group is facilitated by an adult (e.g. a classroom assistants, a parent).  Psychologists and special education teachers may also work in the classrooms, and they support volunteer parents, teachers and the students.  The extra support and student interaction are considered as essential for supporting and reinforcing children’s learning. 

Šiuo Flandrijos regiono (Belgija) projektu, kurio tikslas – užtikrinti, kad visi vaikai sėkmingai mokytųsi, ir užkirsti kelią mokyklos nebaigimui, konkrečiai siekiama suformuoti mokyklos kultūrą ir įgyvendinti keletą priemonių, padedančių išvengti kurso kartojimo.

Daugeliu pamokų nelankymo ir mokyklos nebaigimo atvejų mokiniams neabejotinai reikalingos medicininės, psichologinės, socialinės, mokymosi ir teisinės intervencijos priemonės, tačiau iš mokslinių tyrimų rezultatų taip pat aiškiai matyti, kad visais atvejais mokykla ir mokytojai gali turėti lemiamos įtakos. Šiame dokumente pateikiamas kontrolinis sąrašas, kuriuo remdamosi mokyklos gali įsivertinti, pateikiamos 59 išsamios rekomendacijos, kaip pagerinti lankomumą, mokinių dalyvavimą ir mokyklos kultūrą, taip pat pasiūlymų, kaip susitarti dėl tinkamo elgesio, ir mokytojams bei tėvams skirtų klausimynų pavyzdžių. Rekomenduojamos priemonės visų pirma skirtos tikslinei mokytojų, mokyklų direktorių ir tėvų grupei. Išverstas dokumentas parengtas remiantis vadovu, kurį parašė Nairz-Wirth, Feldmann, Diexer (2012 m.): Handlungsempfehlungen für Lehrende, Schulleitung und Eltern zur erfolgreichen Prävention von Schulabsentismus und Schulabbruch.