3.3. Profesionalno usmjeravanje i potpora

Centri za pedagoško i psihološko savjetovanje u Češkoj rade izravno s djecom i njihovim roditeljima od djetetove treće godine nadalje. Centri pružaju usluge stručnog usmjeravanja, sudjeluju u aktivnostima prevencije rizičnog ponašanja kod djece i mladih te pomažu u razvoju obrazovnih i psiholoških kompetencija nastavnika.

The Danish Production schools were created in the 1980s with the aim of combating youth unemployment. Production Schools offer alternative education opportunities to improve labour market integration. The fundamental aim of this type of school is to create a practical learning environment to support young people to complete and earn qualifications in general and vocational upper secondary education and/or maintain a job. The students are offered the opportunity to develop professional, social and personal skills through counselling, participation in practical work experience and production in different workshops ranging from areas such as metalwork, carpentry and textile work in theatre, media and music-based workshops. The focus is on social, personal and physical skills which are complemented by more formal knowledge and skills. Learning processes are organised through workshops and classroom teaching, but every young person is free to organise an individual course where they may challenge themselves and build their confidence.
The most significant challenge for production schools is to prepare and motivate “non-academic” students for the ordinary school system. The last legislative change in 2006focused the aims of Production Schools so that its most important task has been to build a bridge to vocational education and training through relevant practical and academic qualifications. In 2009, there were over 6,000 students in production schools. The student capacity at each school can vary from 20-25 to over 200. Generally speaking the schools are small, with half of the schools accepting fewer than 50 students. Today there are 78 Production Schools in Denmark.

Guiding Cities joins policy makers and education stakeholders to map policy and guidance and create coherent policy to respond to the complex needs in the fight against ESL.

The project aimed to:
• Analyse guidance actions in 4 countries through country-based focus groups including stakeholders in education and guidance.
• Develop a Guiding Cities Model and Checklist mapping different possible actions, actors community needs relative to guidance and lifelong learning.
• Establish and manage Working Groups and a survey of best practices (involving at least 40 stakeholders).
• Publish online the GCities Model and links to resources and practices for each type of action and/or each target group. The GCities tools will be available in 6 languages (EN, ES, CAT, IT, EL, RO).
• Test the GCities Model and Checklist-benchmarking tools with at least 40 communities or organisations.
• Improve professional development of local service providers and school guidance practitioners.

InnoOmnia, in the city of Espoo, Finland, was founded in 2011. It is the first multi-sector vocational education centre in Finland where entrepreneurs may run their businesses jointly with students and teachers. Work and vocational education are part of a blended learning approach. One of the key aims of the programme is to improve the appeal of vocational education, and to offer “21st century learning” opportunities.
Services include:
1. Entrepreneurship support for current and aspiring entrepreneurs, primarily in arts and crafts or the service sectors.
2. Work-based/on-the-job learning programmes
3. Innovation and piloting of new teaching methods in the context of vocational education, g, e.g. gamification, mobile learning, entrepreneurial teaching methods
4. Teacher and school leader professional development for K-12 and vocational sectors

U Češkoj je razvijen jedinstven informacijski sustav čiji je cilj pružanje informacija o karijerama i profesionalno usmjeravanje. Uključuje potporu za učenike koji imaju niske ambicije u pogledu obrazovanja, poteškoće u učenju ili su izloženi riziku od napuštanja obrazovanja. I odrasli se mogu koristiti tim sustavom (uključujući osobe koje su napustile školovanje bez stjecanja kvalifikacija) kako bi pronašli prilike za daljnje obrazovanje i svoj profesionalni život.

The Joaquim Ruyra Elementary School is located in a disadvantaged suburban district of Barcelona. In the 2016-2017 school year, 92% students were immigrants representing 28 different nationalities (including Pakistan, Morocco, Georgia, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Peru, the Philippines, China, Bangladesh, Senegal, and the USA) or from minority background (Romani). The school has a 40% mobility rate.  

National and international press have referred to the school as the miracle school as it had achieved academic outcomes above the average in the Catalan standardised tests, outperforming elite schools in the Catalonia region.

All classes in the school feature group work 40% to 60% of the time. The groups mix students of different abilities, genders and nationalities.  The small groups are designed to ensure that no one is left out, and students are encouraged to participate actively.  Each group is facilitated by an adult (e.g. a classroom assistants, a parent).  Psychologists and special education teachers may also work in the classrooms, and they support volunteer parents, teachers and the students.  The extra support and student interaction are considered as essential for supporting and reinforcing children’s learning. 

U irskim školama provode se različite inicijative za olakšavanje socijalne uključenosti i ravnopravnosti, koje uključuju klubove za doručak, klubove za ručak, šahovske klubove i klubove za pisanje domaćih zadaća. Škole promiču prednosti osiguravanja doručka za učenike u ranim jutarnjim satima; te prednosti uključuju bolje rezultate u pohađanju nastave i zadržavanju u školi, poboljšanje točnosti, interakciju s odraslima, omogućavanje učenicima da se zabavljaju uz istodobno razvijanje društvenih vještina, zadovoljavanje prehrambenih potreba i razvoj pozitivnih veza između škole i obitelji.

Neporecivo je da su u brojnim slučajevima odsutnosti iz škole i ranog napuštanja školovanja potrebne medicinske, psihološke, socijalne, obrazovne i pravne intervencije, ali istraživanja su jasno pokazala i kako u svim slučajevima škole i nastavno osoblje mogu imati odlučujući utjecaj. Ovaj dokument sadržava kontrolni popis za samoprocjenu škola, 59 detaljnih preporuka za poboljšanje pohađanja nastave, veću uključenost učenika i bolju školsku kulturu, kao i prijedloge za kodeks ponašanja i primjere upitnika za nastavnike i roditelje. Predložene mjere usmjerene su ponajprije na ciljne skupine nastavnika, ravnatelja i roditelja. Dokument je preuzet i preveden iz priručnika koji su sastavili autori Nairz-Wirth, Feldmann, Diexer (2012.): Handlungsempfehlungen für Lehrende, Schulleitung und Eltern zur erfolgreichen Prävention von Schulabsentismus und Schulabbruch.

Cilj je projekta pod nazivom „Moje obrazovanje, moj posao, moja budućnost” sprečavanje ranog napuštanja školovanja te poticanje i motiviranje učenika da nastave školovanje.