3.6. Apprentissage complémentaire et extrascolaire

L’année de transition proposée par un certain nombre d'établissements scolaires irlandais permet à des élèves (âgés d’environ quinze ans) d’acquérir une expérience éducative étendue afin de parvenir à une plus grande maturité. Elle a lieu après le premier cycle de l’enseignement secondaire et avant le passage au niveau d’enseignement supérieur et/ou à la préparation professionnelle. Elle sert de passerelle entre le premier cycle de l’enseignement secondaire, où les élèves évoluent dans un environnement très structuré, à un environnement où ils seront davantage responsables de leur propre apprentissage et prise de décision.

Dans les écoles irlandaises, différentes initiatives ont été proposées afin de faciliter l’égalité et l’inclusion sociale, dont des clubs de petit-déjeuner, des clubs de déjeuner, des clubs d’échecs et des clubs de devoirs. Les écoles promeuvent les avantages d’un petit-déjeuner matinal, tels qu’une plus grande assiduité scolaire et une amélioration du taux de poursuite des études, une meilleure ponctualité et davantage d’interactions avec les adultes. Cela permet également aux élèves de s’amuser tout en développant des compétences sociales, en répondant à leurs besoins nutritionnels et en tissant des liens positifs entre l’école et la famille.

The aim of the project Creating Peace is to encourage and coach students with special educational needs to develop their transversal skills, especially interpersonal and intrapersonal skills and critical reading and thinking to help them to integrate more easily into local society.

During the first year, students learned about the Thirty Years´ War, how it influenced lives of people and how peace was reached. They looked for successful solutions of conflicts in their national history in general, discussed other possibilities and tried to draw inspiration from it for their lives. Students were coached to improve their critical reading and thinking. They expressed their impressions and feelings through comic, art object, song, rap, drama, etc.

L’éducation familiale est l’une des stratégies éducatives réussies, ou Successful Educational Actions (SEA), recensées par le projet de recherche INCLUD-ED. Strategies for inclusion and social cohesion in Europe from education (Stratégies pour l’inclusion et la cohésion sociale en Europe par l’éducation) (Commission européenne, sixième programme-cadre, 2006-2011).

In the school year 2015/16 the Schulzentrum Ybbs (a school center consisting of three vocational upper secondary schools) introduced a concept called IndY, which involves that 20% of the teaching time is intended for individualized learning. IndY aims at improving students’ expertise, motivation, self-responsibility, self-management, collaborative skills, emotional intelligence and learning methods.

InnoOmnia, in the city of Espoo, Finland, was founded in 2011. It is the first multi-sector vocational education centre in Finland where entrepreneurs may run their businesses jointly with students and teachers. Work and vocational education are part of a blended learning approach. One of the key aims of the programme is to improve the appeal of vocational education, and to offer “21st century learning” opportunities.
Services include:
1. Entrepreneurship support for current and aspiring entrepreneurs, primarily in arts and crafts or the service sectors.
2. Work-based/on-the-job learning programmes
3. Innovation and piloting of new teaching methods in the context of vocational education, g, e.g. gamification, mobile learning, entrepreneurial teaching methods
4. Teacher and school leader professional development for K-12 and vocational sectors

The Joaquim Ruyra Elementary School is located in a disadvantaged suburban district of Barcelona. In the 2016-2017 school year, 92% students were immigrants representing 28 different nationalities (including Pakistan, Morocco, Georgia, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Peru, the Philippines, China, Bangladesh, Senegal, and the USA) or from minority background (Romani). The school has a 40% mobility rate.  

National and international press have referred to the school as the miracle school as it had achieved academic outcomes above the average in the Catalan standardised tests, outperforming elite schools in the Catalonia region.

All classes in the school feature group work 40% to 60% of the time. The groups mix students of different abilities, genders and nationalities.  The small groups are designed to ensure that no one is left out, and students are encouraged to participate actively.  Each group is facilitated by an adult (e.g. a classroom assistants, a parent).  Psychologists and special education teachers may also work in the classrooms, and they support volunteer parents, teachers and the students.  The extra support and student interaction are considered as essential for supporting and reinforcing children’s learning. 

Afin de réduire le décrochage scolaire, la Finlande a travaillé à la mise au point de méthodes et de procédures pédagogiques innovantes pour répondre aux besoins individuels au moyen de l’apprentissage par l’activité, de l’enseignement en petits groupes, de l’apprentissage par la pratique professionnelle et de différents environnements d’apprentissage.

Le Plaisir de lire est un programme national d’alphabétisation d’une durée de trois ans (2012-2015) mené par le ministère finlandais de l’éducation et de la culture et mis en œuvre par les facultés de l’éducation et des sciences humaines (sciences de l’information) de l’Université d’Oulu.