2.2 Les enseignants et leurs relations avec les élèves et les parents

ATD quart monde is a French NGO involving individuals who experience or have experienced poverty.Among other initiatives, it works with ‘folk universities’ (universités populaires) in France, with the aim to generate and gather expert knowledge from its members - participants on a number of issues, including parenting and perception of school.

The project ENhancing Teacher REsilience in Europe (ENTREE) aims to enable young European teachers to improve their resilience in the face of increasing demands of rapidly changing school contexts. It was launched in 2014 and provides diverse learning opportunities and tools for teachers, both online and face-to face; it is supported by a team of international experts from five European countries (CZ, DE, IRL, MT, PT) and from Australia. The ENTREE project refers to teacher resilience as “the process of, capacity for, or outcome of positive adaptation and ongoing professional commitment and growth in the face of challenging circumstances”. Teachers are assisted to draw on personal, professional and social resources, to “bounce back” and to also thrive professionally and personally, and to experience job satisfaction, positive self-beliefs, personal wellbeing and an ongoing commitment to the profession.

In order to prevent drop-out, the Godalen and Thor Heyerdahl Upper Secondary Schools in Norway have focused on improving and strengthening their school leadership strategies. The schools have established a range of measures to support teachers and young people alike.

"It is clear from the Irish experience that educational initiatives based in schools can raise the educational level of the adults involved, and result in a general sense of empowerment in the local community. Parental involvement, especially in areas of socio-economic deprivation, does not just benefit the children and the school - it is a crucial aspect of lifelong learning" (Parents as Partners in Schooling, OECD 1997)

Cette série d'indicateurs structurels relatifs à la mise en place de systèmes inclusifs au sein et autour des écoles peut être utilisée par les directeurs d'école, les enseignants, les parents et les autres partenaires de l'école pour faire le point sur la capacité d’inclusion de leur établissement. Les indicateurs sont rédigés sous forme d'énoncés qui pourront être vrais ou faux, et guideront les acteurs des écoles afin qu'ils s'évaluent eux-mêmes dans différents domaines les concernant. L’inclusion dans les établissements scolaires se traduit par un environnement d’apprentissage favorable et de qualité, avec des écoles et des classes accueillantes et bienveillantes. Cette atmosphère peut être créée en empêchant toute discrimination, en abordant les besoins des élèves de manière globale (sur les plans émotionnel, physique, cognitif et social) et en reconnaissant les talents et les opinions des élèves.

Les indicateurs portent principalement sur les domaines suivants:

1. une approche globale de l’école pour la mise en place de systèmes inclusifs,
2. la qualité de leadership des enseignants et de l’école,
3. la promotion de l’intégration systémique de la politique et de la pratique,
4. une perspective pluridisciplinaire en matière de santé et de bien-être,
5. la promotion de l’implication parentale et du soutien familial, et
6. la satisfaction des besoins des individus et des groupes particulièrement vulnérables

Le choix des indicateurs repose sur des documents stratégiques clés du Conseil de l’UE et de la Commission européenne ainsi que sur des données internationales récentes concernant l'éducation inclusive.

Cet outil s'inscrit dans le cadre plus large d’un rapport sur les indicateurs structurels relatifs à la mise en place de systèmes inclusifs au sein et autour des écoles, qui présente un contexte et fournit des explications pour chaque indicateur.

The learning hub was implemented at the TGM (an upper-level secondary technical college) as a school experiment in the school year 2016/17. It has been implemented in the school’s Information Technology (IT) Department in two of the four classes in the first year (i.e. grade 9).

In the learning hub students study self-regulated 20 hours per week. Of these 20 hours, 9 hours relate to general education subjects (German, English and Mathematics) and 11 hours involve vocational education subjects (Software Engineering, Systems Engineering, Media Technology, Network Technology). The other 6 school subjects (Geography, History and Political Education, Natural Sciences, Religion, Sports, Computer Workshop), which encompass 13 hours per week, are still taught by using traditional methods of teaching.

The main aim of the network is to prepare student teachers to teach in diverse classrooms. Specifically, the network aims to: - help student teachers develop intercultural sensitivity; - inspire ideas and promote the implementation of intercultural practices in schools; - act as a network for student teachers who are interested in inter-culturality and heterogeneity; - act as a forum for discussion and exchange about challenges and approaches in the teaching in diverse classrooms; - provide student teachers with specific knowledge and practical experiences. The group initiates the exchange of information and experience about teaching in intercultural settings, and organises support measures for refugees. The main target group of the network is student teachers, but practicing teachers and other relevant groups such as university staff are also targeted. The network was initially intended for student teachers with a migrant background, but it soon shifted its focus towards all students.

The Master’s Programme in ‘Educational Treatment of Diversity (ETD) is aimed at Bachelor graduates in pedagogy, and at education practitioners (kindergarten pedagogues and administrators, school administrators, VET administrators, college and university administrators) willing to improve their intercultural competences. The programme aims at creating an interdisciplinary system of knowledge, skills and integrated socio-pedagogical, psychological and special pedagogical competences to mainstream diversity in education. The programme content consists of two main parts: Part A: Compulsory modules (including the research/master’s thesis), including courses on: ‘International and comparative frame of educational treatment of diversity’; ‘Educational treatment of special needs proceeding from cultural diversity’; ‘Management and programmes of educational treatment of diversity’, etc.; Part B: Optional courses, including: ‘Research methodology for educational treatment of diversity’; ‘Work integration and rehabilitation of people with diverse special needs’. The process is organised as e-studies, with weekly in-person or Skype meetings with professors.

The aim of the report Nordic Projects to Combat School Dropout is to improve and inspire new initiatives for young people, and to create enriching contacts between actors and organisations in the Nordic region.
The Nordic Web Resource on Dropout from Upper Secondary Education was a project commissioned by the Nordic Council of Ministers and run by the Nordic Welfare Centre between 2012 and 2015. The aim of the project was to compile good examples of initiatives aimed at increasing the proportion of young people in the Nordic region who complete upper secondary education.
On the Nordic web portal, a large range of successful projects from the Nordic countries were presented. The initiatives had been evaluated externally, and showed positive results. Some activities were specifically chosen because of their innovative character or value as sources of inspiration.
Despite bureaucratic and cultural differences between the Nordic countries, the situation regarding young people at risk of dropping out of school is strikingly similar. The differences are sometimes greater between municipalities and schools than between countries. By learning about successful initiatives in the Nordic countries, it is possible to find inspiration and tools to improve the work on helping all young people to complete their upper secondary education.
In this publication, ten projects are described that were presented on the Nordic good practice web portal. Some of the projects have been completed, while others continue. Some activities have been incorporated in ordinary work.