1.1. Koolikultuur ja õhkkond

The project partners designed and implemented a new anti-bullying programme in schools in five EU countries. It drew on the experiences of existing programmes and practices originated by the project partners working in different cultural contexts.  It provided further evidence of effective approaches to the reduction of bullying in schools that will inform the development of improved child centred, whole school strategies for adoption at European level.

Siinses näites on kirjeldatud uuenduslikke lähenemisviise, mida kasutatakse Rootsis Beda Hallbergi keskkoolis. Koolis pakutakse mitmeid programme, mis loovad aluse isiklikuks arenguks ja aktiivseks osalemiseks ühiskonnas. Lisaks on kooli eesmärk pakkuda õpilastele pidevat tuge ja vähendada koolist väljalangemise riski. Tehakse pingutusi selleks, et vähendada kooli kinniolekuaega, nii et õpilased saaksid kooli tulla ka pikemate vaheaegade jooksul. Koolis on esindatud ka tervishoiutöötajad, sealhulgas sotsiaaltöötajad ja psühholoogid, kes on valmis noorte vajadusi toetama.
Beda Hallbergi Gümnaasium on Rootsis Kungsbackas asuv keskkool. Kool avati 2013. aastal väikese koolina, kus püütakse keskenduda igale õpilasele eraldi. Osa noorte jaoks vanuses 16–20 võib paljude koolide füüsiline ja sotsiaalne keskkond olla liiga nõudlik ja see võib saada takistuseks kestvale õppimisele. Beda kool on avatud nendele, kes soovivad õppida väikeses koolis, kus nad saavad end tunda turvaliselt ja mugavalt.

UNICEF Serbia and the civil society organisation Centre for Education Policy with the support of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development Republic of Serbia  implemented the project “Combating Early School Leaving in Serbia”.

This project aimed to contribute to decreasing drop-out and early school leaving of children and adolescents through development, establishment, and implementation of the school-based model for early identification of children at risk of dropping out and intervention in situations where dropping-out is taking place.

Combating drop-out and ESL in Serbia has been recognised as a policy priority area.  The Strategy for Education Development in Serbia 2020 (SEDS 2020) calls for the provision of high-quality education for all, an increase of students’ coverage and attainment at all levels of education by maintaining the relevance of education and increasing efficiency. The Strategy implementation is primarily focused on the development of human capital in Serbia, thus underlines importance of the inclusion of pupils from vulnerable and marginalised groups (Roma and children from poor families, children with disabilities and from rural areas etc.).

The Danish Production schools were created in the 1980s with the aim of combating youth unemployment. Production Schools offer alternative education opportunities to improve labour market integration. The fundamental aim of this type of school is to create a practical learning environment to support young people to complete and earn qualifications in general and vocational upper secondary education and/or maintain a job. The students are offered the opportunity to develop professional, social and personal skills through counselling, participation in practical work experience and production in different workshops ranging from areas such as metalwork, carpentry and textile work in theatre, media and music-based workshops. The focus is on social, personal and physical skills which are complemented by more formal knowledge and skills. Learning processes are organised through workshops and classroom teaching, but every young person is free to organise an individual course where they may challenge themselves and build their confidence.
The most significant challenge for production schools is to prepare and motivate “non-academic” students for the ordinary school system. The last legislative change in 2006focused the aims of Production Schools so that its most important task has been to build a bridge to vocational education and training through relevant practical and academic qualifications. In 2009, there were over 6,000 students in production schools. The student capacity at each school can vary from 20-25 to over 200. Generally speaking the schools are small, with half of the schools accepting fewer than 50 students. Today there are 78 Production Schools in Denmark.

Rootsi haridus on rajatud inimõiguste põhimõtetele ja demokraatlikele väärtushinnangutele, sh inimelu puutumatus, võrdsus, isikupuutumatus ja sooline võrdõiguslikkus. Seepärast rõhutatakse hariduses tervikuna kaasamist ja diskrimineerimise, sh kiusamise kõigi vormide aktiivset ennetamist.

The project goal is to provide a comprehensive analysis of best practices for preventing ESL in partner countries in the areas: of ESL monitoring systems; and, methods of counteracting ESL and reintegrating students.

Project partners were from Poland, the UK and Italy. Outputs include a report on ESL monitoring systems, a report on prevention and reintegration methods, and a training pack.

Essunga, a Swedish municipality, transformed the ranking of its schools from the bottom to the top of the national school league tables between 2007 to the top in 2010. Essunga has three elementary schools and one lower secondary school (grades 6-9). With 5,500 citizens, it is one of the smallest municipalities in the country. The increase in levels of achievement is attributed to a research-based approach of inclusive education. For years, the three elementary schools in Essunga had consistently experienced low educational levels. An increasing number of students were refugees or in “family placements”. In 2007, only 76% of students were eligible for upper secondary school and 20% of these were placed in special education classes. These results compelled political and school leaders and school staff to identify targeted measures to address these challenges. The municipality focused on interventions at school and in the local community to prevent school absence and increase attendance.

See projekt on mõeldud 11–14aastaste laste sotsiaal-emotsionaalse õpioskuse arendamise toetamiseks ning kaasõpilast toetava suhtumise edendamiseks, et kiusamise vastu võidelda ja seda vähendada. Sotsiaal-emotsionaalse õpioskuse programmide abil parandatakse õpilase sotsiaalseid, emotsionaalseid ja akadeemilisi oskusi, mis hõlmavad prosotsiaalset käitumist ja positiivset suhtumist endasse ja teistesse, samuti vähendatakse programmide abil emotsionaalse stressi taset. Kaasõpilast toetav suhtumine vähendab kiusamise negatiivset mõju ohvritel ja muudab kiusamisest teatamise nende jaoks vastuvõetavamaks. Projekti rakendatakse ülekooliliselt ning sellesse on kaasatud noored, koolipersonal, vanemad ja laiem kogukond. Seega minnakse selle projektiga kaugemale kiusamise kahemõõtmelisest, ohvrit ja kiusajat hõlmavast arusaamisest ning vaadeldakse selle asemel sotsiaalset ja rühmadünaamikat koolis või pärast tunde, et käsitleda kiusamist soodustavaid tegureid. ENABLE võrgustiku raames on igas osalevas liikmesriigis koolitatud välja nn saadikuid, kes annavad teavet ja juhtnööre kõikidele koolidele ja organisatsioonidele, kus soovitakse programmi rakendada.

E-EVALINTO eesmärk on edendada eakaaslaste juhendamist, et vähendada sisserändajatest õpilaste koolist väljalangemist ja tunnustada kultuuriseoste väärtust, samuti arendada IKT-raamistikku kultuuridevahelises kontekstis vajalike tegevuste hindamiseks, juhtimiseks ja arendamiseks. Programmist „Erasmus+“ rahastatud projektis keskendutakse otsustusprotsessidele ja eri mustrite tuvastamisele analüüsitavates olukordades.