5.1. Tværfaglige teams

Dette dokument har til formål at gennemgå dokumentationen for det potentiale, som fler- og tværfaglige teams har for at spille en central rolle i forebyggelsen af skolefrafald. Som led i udviklingen af en strategi for fler- eller tværfaglige teams lægges der stor vægt på de betingelser, der er nødvendige og fremmende for deres effektivitet, snarere end på en deterministisk formodning om deres uundgåelige effektivitet. Rapporten understreger behovet for at yde stærk strategisk vejledning til teamene om vigtige spørgsmål, som de skal engagere sig i, såsom støtte til mental sundhed, alternativer til suspension, opsøgende arbejde over for marginaliserede familier, løsning af konflikter med lærere og færdigheder i mangfoldighedsuddannelse, færdigheder i forebyggelse af mobning, fremme af et positivt skoleklima, engagement i forældrefærdigheder og fokus på børns sproglige udvikling osv.

To improve student success and prevent early school leaving, the Malmaskolan established a Student Health Team, comprised of a school nurse, a special education teacher, the principal, the school counselor, the leisure-time pedagogues, the study and career counselor, a social worker, the school physician and a school psychologist. Since 2005, this Health Team has been the core for the development of teaching at the school, and is a hub for both teaching and school development. They have open meetings thrice weekly where teachers can discuss issues, and where a wide range of potential measures to support students is identified.

Formålet med rapporten Nordic Projects to Combat School Dropout er at forbedre og inspirere til nye initiativer rettet mod unge og skabe berigende kontakt mellem aktører og organisationer i Norden.
Nordic Web Resource on Dropout from Upper Secondary Education var et projekt, der blev bestilt af Nordisk Ministerråd, og som blev gennemført af Nordens Velfærdscenter mellem 2012 og 2015. Formålet med projektet var at samle gode eksempler på initiativer, der havde til formål at øge andelen af unge mennesker i Norden, som fuldfører ungdomsuddannelser.
På den nordiske webportal blev der fremlagt et stort antal udvalgte projekter fra de nordiske lande. Initiativerne blev evalueret eksternt, og de viste positive resultater. Nogle aktiviteter blev udvalgt specifikt på grund af deres innovative karakter eller værdi som kilde til inspiration.
På trods af bureaukratiske og kulturelle forskelle mellem de nordiske lande, var status for unge i fare for skolefrafald, forbavsende ens. Forskellene var nogle gange større mellem kommuner og skoler end landene imellem. Ved at lære om vellykkede initiativer i de nordiske lande er det muligt at finde inspiration og værktøjer til at forbedre arbejdet med at hjælpe alle unge til at afslutte en ungdomsuddannelse.
I denne publikation beskrives ti projekter, der blev fremlagt på den nordiske webportal for god praksis. Nogle af projekterne er afsluttet, mens andre fortsætter. Nogle aktiviteter er blevet indarbejdet i det almindelige arbejde.

For Arvika, Centralskolan is a big school with students coming from the city centre and surrounding areas. Students are from very mixed backgrounds, including students from disadvantaged areas. Several years ago, the school had a significant number of students whose academic achievements after the 9^th grade were not sufficient for entering an upper secondary education. One of the key issues in Centralskolan, as well as in other surrounding schools, was that the student reading comprehension skills across various subjects were poor. Subjects of maths and science have been extra prioritised by Centralskolan as student results within those subjects were especially low. Therefore, the school has started practising an explicit teaching of reading strategies within specific subjects for grades 7 – 9. These reading strategies have been implemented together with scaffolding, which means that a teacher gradually empowers students to lead a reading and text comprehension exercise.

Teachers, social workers and community youth workers in Kungälv work together to identify high-school teenagers in or at risk of joining neo-Nazi gangs. They map local social structures and interrelationships to identify trouble spots and at-risk youth. The project then works with them to disassemble toxic activities and connects them to more positive relationships, activities and influences. The model also includes a wider spectrum of stakeholders committed to influencing society’s attitudes.

Research shows a connection between leaving education and destructive environments, so another important long-term project goal is to ensure that the participating students complete the compulsory nine-year school system, and continue onto upper secondary school.
Impact - Today, there are no active Nazi or white supremacist organisations in Kungälv and no informal gangs. The Kungälv Model was replicated in 20 other cities in Sweden in the 2015/2016 academic year, (with $1 million investment from Ministry of Labour, the National Agency for Youth and Civil Society Affairs, Natur & Kultur Foundation, and Skandia Ideas for Life).

The Kungälv model has been highlighted by the UN as a viable and appropriate strategy to counter extreme intolerance among youths.

www.toleransprojektet.se